terça-feira, 26 de novembro de 2024

Biologia - Química da Célula Viva em perguntas e respostas – Capítulo IV Componentes Celulares Orgânicos. By Professor César Venâncio.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Biologia - Química da Célula Viva em perguntas e respostas –

Capítulo IV

Componentes Celulares Orgânicos.

By Professor César Venâncio.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS:

1.         “Os Nutrientes” no site rg nutri.com.br acessado a 22 de junho de 2009

2.         http://www.mulherdeclasse.com.br/nutrientes.htm

3.         Salemi, Luiz Felippe “Nutriente?” no site WebArtigos.com acessado a 25 de junho de 2009

4.         "Anatomia dos Dentes" no site Colgate.com.br) acessado a 17 de junho de 2009

5.         Flores, Carla Sofia (7 de Dezembro de 2010). Maturação dentária é mais rápida hoje do que há cem anos. Ciência Hoje. Página visitada em 11 de Dezembro de 2010.

6. http://biosonialopes.editorasaraiva.com.br/navitacontent_/userFiles/File/SoniaLopes_Powerpoints/SoniaLopes_Textos_Atualiza_o/ret_nuclear.pdf Retículo nucleoplasmático]

7.         John Emsley. Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8

8.         Consumo de cálcio reduz risco de morte - Folha de S.Paulo, 13 de março de 2010 (visitado em 13-3-2010)

9.         Felippe, J Jr. : Pronto Socorro: Fisiopatologia – Diagnóstico – Tratamento. In Capítulo 10, José de Felippe Junior : Distúrbios Hidroeletrolíticos : Na+ , K+ , Ca++ , PO4 e Mg++ ; pag.82-97, 1990 ; Editora Guanabara Koogan, 2 a Ed. – Rio de Janeiro.

10.       Bashour, T.; Basha, H.S. & Cheng, T.O.: Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy, Chest, 78(4): 663,1980.

11.       Bell, N.H.: Hypercalcemic and hypocalcemic disorders: Diagnosis and treatment. Nephron, 23:147,1979.

12.       Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Calcium

13.       Feskanich, D;Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA. (1996). "Protein consumption and bone fractures in women". American Journal of Epidemiol 143: 472-9.

14.       Abelow, BJ;Holford TR, Insogna KL. (1992). "Cross-cultural association between dietary animal protein and hip fracture: a hypothesis.". Calcified Tissue International 50: 14-18..

15.       Morozumi M, Hossain RZ, Yamakawa KI, Hokama S, Nishijima S, Oshiro Y, Uchida A, Sugaya K, Ogawa Y. . "Gastrointestinal oxalic acid absorption in calcium-treated rats". Urol Res. PMID 16444511.

16.       Hossain RZ, Ogawa Y, Morozumi M, Hokama S, Sugaya K. . "Milk and calcium prevent gastrointestinal absorption and urinary excretion of oxalate in rats". Front Biosci.. PMID 12700095.

17.       American Heart Association Nutrition Committee, Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, et al. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation 2006;114:82-96.

18.       http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/095528639190073E

19.       Subar AF, Krebs-Smith SM, Cook A, Kahle LL.(1991) Dietary sources of nutrients among US adults, 1989 to 1991. National Cancer Institute, Applied Research Branch, Bethesda, Md. 20892-7344, USA J Am Diet Assoc. 1998 May;98(5):537-47. [1]

20.       http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitaminb12/

21.       Nelson Pedro (2010) Dieta vegetariana – factos e contradições. Medicina Interna 173 VOL.17 | Nº 3 | JUL/SET 2010 [2]

22.       http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitaminb12/

23.       Donaldson MS. Metabolic vitamin B12 status on a mostly raw vegan diet with follow-up using tablets, nutritional yeast, or probiotic supplements. Ann Nutr Metab 2000;44:229-234.

24.       Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1998.

25.       Vidal-Alaball J, Butler CC, Cannings-John R, Goringe A, Hood K, McCaddon A, et al. Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(3):CD004655. [PubMed abstract]

26.       http://www.vegansociety.com/lifestyle/nutrition/b12.aspx

27.       http://www.vegansociety.com/lifestyle/nutrition/b12.aspx

28.       "Abundance and form of the most abundant elements in Earth’s continental crust" (PDF).

29.       Ash, Russell. The Top 10 of Everything 2006: The Ultimate Book of Lists. [S.l.]: Dk Pub, 2005. ISBN 0756613213.

30.       Anthoni, J Floor. "The chemical composition of seawater".

31.       Pediatrics 1995, 95 (6): 879-82.

32.       International J. Epidemiol, 1984, 120 (3):342-349

33.       British Med.J. 1985, 290: 417-4201

34.       Biol. Psiquiatry 1993, 34: 421- 423

35.       Howard Hugues Media Institute, The Structural Biology Program, "RNA, The Enzyme"

36.       A. Radzicka, R. Wolfenden (1995), "A proficient enzyme.", Science, 6(267), p. 90-931

37.       René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1752), "Observations sur la digestion des oiseaux", Histoire de l'academie royale des sciences, 1752p. 266, 461

38.       Williams, H. S. (1904) A History of Science: in Five Volumes. Volume IV: Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences Harper and Brothers (New York)

39.       J. Dubos (1951), "Louis Pasteur: Free Lance of Science, Gollancz." in K.L. Manchester (1995), "Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)--chance and the prepared mind.", Trends in Biotechnology, 13(12), p.511-515

40.       Nobel Laureate Biography of Eduard Buchner at http://nobelprize.org Accessed 04 April 2007

41.       1946 Nobel prize for Chemistry laureates at http://nobelprize.org Accessed 04 April 2007

42.       Blake CC, Koenig DF, Mair GA, North AC, Phillips DC, Sarma VR.. (1965). "Structure of hen egg-white lysozyme. A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis at 2 Angstrom resolution.". Nature 22 (206): 757-761. PMID 5891407.

43.       Chen LH, Kenyon GL, Curtin F, Harayama S, Bembenek ME, Hajipour G, Whitman CP. (1992). "4-Oxalocrotonate tautomerase, an enzyme composed of 62 amino acid residues per monomer". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (25): 17716-21. PMID 1339435.

44.       Smith S. (1994). "The animal fatty acid synthase: one gene, one polypeptide, seven enzymes". FASEB J. 8 (15): 1248–59. PMID 8001737.

45.       Anfinsen C.B.. (1973). "Principles that Govern the Folding of Protein Chains". Science: 223–230. PMID 4124164.

46.       The Catalytic Site Atlas at The European Bioinformatics Institute Accessed 04 April 2007

47.       Jaeger KE, Eggert T.. (2004). "Enantioselective biocatalysis optimized by directed evolution.". Curr Opin Biotechnol. 15(4): 305–313. PMID 15358000.

48.       Shevelev IV, Hubscher U.. (2002). "The 3' 5' exonucleases.". Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 3 (5): 364–376. PMID 11988770.

49.       Berg J., Tymoczko J. and Stryer L. (2002) Biochemistry. W. H. Freeman and Company ISBN 0-7167-4955-6

50.       Zenkin N, Yuzenkova Y, Severinov K.. (2006). "Transcript-assisted transcriptional proofreading.". Science. 313: 518–520. PMID 16873663.

51.       Ibba M, Soll D.. (2000). "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis.". Annu Rev Biochem. 69: 617–650. PMID 10966471.

52.       Rodnina MV, Wintermeyer W.. (2001). "Fidelity of aminoacyl-tRNA selection on the ribosome: kinetic and structural mechanisms.". Annu Rev Biochem. 70: 415–435. PMID 11395413.

53.       Firn, Richard. The Screening Hypothesis - a new explanation of secondary product diversity and function. Página visitada em 2006-10-11.

54.       Fischer E.. (1894). "Einfluss der Configuration auf die Wirkung der Enzyme". Ber. Dt. Chem. Ges. 27: 2985–2993.

55.       Koshland D. E.. (1958). "Application of a Theory of Enzyme Specificity to Protein Synthesis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 44 (2): 98–104. PMID 16590179.

56.       Vasella A, Davies GJ, Bohm M.. (2002). "Glycosidase mechanisms.". Curr Opin Chem Biol. 6 (5): 619–629. PMID 12413546.

57.       BOYER, Rodney. Concepts in Biochemistry (em English). 2nd ed. ed. New York, Chichester, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. 137–138 p. ISBN 0-470-00379-0. Página visitada em 2007-04-21.

58.       Fersht, A (1985) Enzyme Structure and Mechanism (2nd ed) p50–52 W H Freeman & co, New York ISBN 0-7167-1615-1

59.       Eisenmesser EZ, Bosco DA, Akke M, Kern D. Enzyme dynamics during catalysis. Science. 2002 February 22;295(5559):1520–3. PMID: 11859194

60.       Agarwal PK. Role of protein dynamics in reaction rate enhancement by enzymes. J Am Chem Soc. 2005 November 2;127(43):15248-56. PMID: 16248667

61.       Eisenmesser EZ, Millet O, Labeikovsky W, Korzhnev DM, Wolf-Watz M, Bosco DA, Skalicky JJ, Kay LE, Kern D. Intrinsic dynamics of an enzyme underlies catalysis. Nature. 2005 November 3;438(7064):117-21. PMID: 16267559

62.       Yang LW, Bahar I.. (June 2005). "Coupling between catalytic site and collective dynamics: A requirement for mechanochemical activity of enzymes.". Structure. 13: 893–904. PMID 15939021.

63.       Agarwal PK, Billeter SR, Rajagopalan PT, Benkovic SJ, Hammes-Schiffer S.. (March 2002). "Network of coupled promoting motions in enzyme catalysis.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 99: 2794–9. PMID 11867722.

64.       Agarwal PK, Geist A, Gorin A. Protein dynamics and enzymatic catalysis: investigating the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerization activity of cyclophilin A. Biochemistry. 2004 August 24;43(33):10605-18. PMID: 15311922

65.       Tousignant A, Pelletier JN.. (Aug 2004). "Protein motions promote catalysis.". Chem Biol. 11 (8): 1037–42. PMID 15324804.

66.       Fisher Z, Hernandez Prada JA, Tu C, Duda D, Yoshioka C, An H, Govindasamy L, Silverman DN and McKenna R.. (2005). "Structural and kinetic characterization of active-site histidine as a proton shuttle in catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase II.". Biochemistry. 44(4): 1097-115. PMID 15667203.

67.       AF Wagner, KA Folkers (1975) Vitamins and coenzymes. Interscience Publishers New York| ISBN 0-88275-258-8

68.       BRENDA The Comprehensive Enzyme Information System Accessed 04 April 2007

69.       Henri,V.. (1902). "Theorie generale de l'action de quelques diastases". Compt. rend. hebd. Acad. Sci. Paris 135: 916-919.

70.       Sørensen,P.L.. (1909). "Enzymstudien {II}. Über die Messung und Bedeutung der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration bei enzymatischen Prozessen". Biochem. Z. 21: 131-304.

71.       Michaelis L., Menten M.. (1913). "Die Kinetik der Invertinwirkung". Biochem. Z. 49: 333–369. English translation Visitado a 6 de Abril de 2007

72.       Briggs G. E., Haldane J. B. S.. (1925). "A note on the kinetics of enzyme action". Biochem. J. 19: 339–339. PMID 16743508.

73.       Radzicka A, Wolfenden R.. (1995). "A proficient enzyme.". Science 6 (267): 90–931. PMID 7809611.

74.       Ellis RJ. (2001). "Macromolecular crowding: obvious but underappreciated". Trends Biochem. Sci. 26 (10): 597-604. PMID 11590012.

75.       Kopelman R. (1988). "Fractal Reaction Kinetics". Science 241 (4873): 1620–26.

76.       Savageau MA. (1995). "Michaelis-Menten mechanism reconsidered: implications of fractal kinetics". J. Theor. Biol. 176 (1): 115-24. PMID 7475096.

77.       Schnell S, Turner TE. (2004). "Reaction kinetics in intracellular environments with macromolecular crowding: simulations and rate laws". Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 85 (2–3): 235-60. PMID 15142746.

78.       Xu F, Ding H. (2007). "A new kinetic model for heterogeneous (or spatially confined) enzymatic catalysis: Contributions from the fractal and jamming (overcrowding) effects". Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 317 (1): 70–81. DOI:10.1016/j.apcata.2006.10.014.

79.       Garcia-Viloca M., Gao J., Karplus M., Truhlar D. G.. (2004). "How enzymes work: analysis by modern rate theory and computer simulations.". Science 303 5655): 186–195. PMID 14716003.

80.       Olsson M. H., Siegbahn P. E., Warshel A.. (2004). "Simulations of the large kinetic isotope effect and the temperature dependence of the hydrogen atom transfer in lipoxygenase". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (9): 2820-1828. PMID 14995199.

81.       Masgrau L., Roujeinikova A., Johannissen L. O., Hothi P., Basran J., Ranaghan K. E., Mulholland A. J., Sutcliffe M. J., Scrutton N. S., Leys D.. (2006). "Atomic Description of an Enzyme Reaction Dominated by Proton Tunneling". Science 312 (5771): 237–241. PMID 16614214.

82.       Poulin R, Lu L, Ackermann B, Bey P, Pegg AE. Mechanism of the irreversible inactivation of mouse ornithine decarboxylase by alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Characterization of sequences at the inhibitor and coenzyme binding sites. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jan 5;267(1):150–8. PMID 1730582

83.       Ball, Philip (2006) The Devil's Doctor: Paracelsus and the World of Renaissance Magic and Science. Farrar, Straus and Giroux ISBN 0-374-22979-1

84.       Yoshikawa S and Caughey WS.. (May 1990). "Infrared evidence of cyanide binding to iron and copper sites in bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase. Implications regarding oxygen reduction.". J Biol Chem. 265 (14): 7945–7958. PMID 2159465.

85.       Hunter T.. (1995). "Protein kinases and phosphatases: the yin and yang of protein phosphorylation and signaling.". Cell. 80(2): 225–236. PMID 7834742.

86.       Berg JS, Powell BC, Cheney RE.. (2001). "A millennial myosin census.". Mol Biol Cell. 12(4): 780–794. PMID 11294886.

87.       Meighen EA.. (1991). "Molecular biology of bacterial bioluminescence.". Microbiol Rev. 55(1): 123–142. PMID 2030669.

88.       Faergeman N. J, Knudsen J.. (April 1997). "Role of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters in the regulation of metabolism and in cell signalling". Biochem J 323: 1–12. PMID 9173866.

89.       Doble B. W., Woodgett J. R.. (April 2003). "GSK-3: tricks of the trade for a multi-tasking kinase". J. Cell. Sci. 116: 1175–1186. PMID 12615961.

90.       Carr C. M., Kim P. S.. (April 2003). "A spring-loaded mechanism for the conformational change of influenza hemagglutinin". Cell 73: 823–832. PMID 8500173.

91.       Phenylketonuria: NCBI Genes and Disease Accessed 04 April 2007

92.       SINGH, Simon. Big Bang. Rio de Janeiro; São Paulo: Editora Record, 2006. ISBN: 85-01-07213-3. Capítulo "O que é ciência?", e demais.

93.       HAWKING, Stephen. Uma breve história do tempo. Lisboa: Gradiva, 1988. ISBN 972-662-010-4. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, 1988. ISBN 85-325-0252-0.

94.       Estudos do método científico (pdf).

95.       GRIFFITHS, David J. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Printice Hall, 1994. ISBN 0-13-124405-1.

96.       MINAYO, Maria Cecília de Souza (Org.); DESLANDES, Suely Ferreira; GOMES, Romeu. Pesquisa social, teoria método e criatividade. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 2007.

97.       DESCARTES, René. Discurso do método. Tradução, prefácio e notas de João Cruz Costa. São Paulo: Ed de Ouro, 1970. Disponível para download em: Domínio Público e eBooket -IntraText René Descartes - e-books.

98.       BECKER, Howard S. Métodos de pesquisa em ciências sociais. São Paulo: Hucitec, 1999.

99.       CHIZZOTTI, Antonio. Pesquisa em ciência humanas e sociais. São Paulo: Cortez, 2006.

100.     HADDAD, Nagib. Metodologia de estudos em ciências da saúde: como planejar, analisar e apresentar um trabalho científico. São Paulo: Roca, 2004.

101.     LAKATOS, Eva Maria; MARCONI, Marina de Andrade. Metodologia científica. São Paulo: Atlas, 2007.

102.     SELYE, Hans. Stress a tensão da vida. São Paulo: IBRASA, 1965.

103.     ACIDE ASCORBIQUE, fiche de sécurité du Programme International sur la Sécurité des Substances Chimiques, consultée le 9 mai 2009

104.     Volker Kuellmer (de de 1991). "Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology 4th ed. : Ascorbic acid". John Wiley & Sons..

105.     (en) « Ascorbic acid » em ChemIDplus, consulté le 9 août 2009

106.     Safety (MSDS) data for ascorbic acid. Oxford University (2005-10-09). Página visitada em 2007-02-21.

107.     David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox , "Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry", 4ª edição, W. H. Freeman, 2005, ISBN 978-0716743392

108.     Philippi, Sonia Tucunduva. Tabela de Composição de Alimentos: suporte para decisão nutricional. Brasília: ANVISA, FINATE/NUT.2001

109.     Vitamin C. Harvard School of Public Health. 2008. Vitamin C Nutrition Source

110.     http://alavrado.blogspot.com/ A nonprofit, tax-exempt 501(c)(e) educational corporation in the State of California.

111.     BIESEK, Simone et al. Estratégias de Nutrição e Suplementação no Esporte. São Paulo: Manole, 2005.

112.     FOSS, M.L.; KETEYIAN, S.J. Bases Fisiológicas do Exercício e do Esporte. 6ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2000.

113.     MCARDLE, William D. et al. Fisiologia do Exercício – Energia, Nutrição e Desempenho Humano. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1998.

114.     WILMORE, Jack H.; COSTILL, David L. Fisiologia do Esporte e do Exercício. São Paulo: Manole, 2001

115.     NELSON, David L.; COX, Michael M., Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4ª edição, W. H. Freeman, 2005, ISBN 978-0716743392

116.     Registo de Retinol na Base de Dados de Substâncias GESTIS do IFA, accessado em 1 de Dezembro de 2007

117.     British Cancer Organization Calls for Warning Labels on Beta-Carotene (2000-07-31).

118.     SciFinder - CAS Registry Number 7235-40-7. Página visitada em 21 de Oct. de 2009.

119.     22040 β-Carotene BioChemika, purum, ≥97.0% (UV). Página visitada em 21 de Oct. de 2009.

120.     http://www.news-medical.net/health/Beta-Carotene-Side-Effects.aspx

121.     Referencias:

122.     American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000; 71, 2; 575-582.

123.     Clint. Nutr. 2003 Feb; 22(1):65-70.

124.     Am. J Clint Nutr. 2000Feb; 71(2)575-82.

125.     Invest Ophtalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Apr 41; (5)1200-9.

126.     Nutrition. 2003 Jan; 19(1):21-4.

127.     Int J Cancer. 2004 Oct 28.

128.     Strokes. 2004 Jul; 35(7):1584-8.

129.     Ann Nutr. Metab. 2003; 47(6):255-61.

130.     Br J Nutr. 2004 Jul; 92(1):113-8.

131.     CHANDRA, R.K. Nutrition and Immunology. Alan R. Liss, Inc. New York, 1988.

132.     NEVES Jr., I., et al. Improvement of the lymphoproliferative immune response and apoptosis inhibition upon in vitro treatment whit zinc of peripherical blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV + individuals. Clin. Exp. Immunol., v. 111, p. 246-268, 1998.

133.     ODEH, M. The role of zinc in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J. In. Med.,v., 231, p. 463-469, 1992.

134.     RIPA, S., RIPA, R. Zinc and immune functions. Minerva Medica, v. 86, n. 7/8, lug/ago, 1995.

135.     SPRIETSMA, J. E. Zinc-controlled Th1/Th2 switch significantly determines development of diseases. Medical Hypotheses, v. 49, p. 1-14, 1997.

136.     SPRIETSMA, J. E. a Zinc deficiency predisposes to (auto) immune diseases, whether or not virus-induced, such as AIDS and cancer. Tijdscrif Integrally Geneeskunde, v. p, p. 253-273, 1994.

137.     SPRIETSMA, J. E. b Zinc, AIDS e apoptose. Orthomolecular, v. 12, p. 75-87, 1994.

138.     SPRIETSMA, J. E. c Zinc deficiency promotes autoimmune symptoms and cancer, as often synchronously presenting in AIDS patients. Orthomolecular, v. 12, p. 108-117, 1994.

139.     SPRIETSMA, J. E. Nutrients in AIDS therapy. Orthomolecular, v.11, p. 72-79, 1993.

140.     WHITNEY, E. N., ROLFES, S. R. Understanding Nutrition. West Publishing Company, 1996.

141.     Fernando Gómez-Pinilla(2008) Brain foods: the effects of the nutrients on brain function. Nature Reviews 9, 568-578.

142.     http://www.ufpa.br/beiradorio/arquivo/beira63/noticias/rep3.html

143.     http://www.abcdasaude.com.br/artigo.php?508

144.     http://br.monografias.com/trabalhos2/papel-zinco-infancia/papel-zinco-infancia2.shtml

145.     http://decs.bvs.br/cgi-bin/wxis1660.exe/decsserver/?IsisScript=../cgi-bin/decsserver/decsserver.xis&task=exact_term&previous_page=homepage&interface_language=p&search_language=p&search_exp=curcumina

146.     http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcumina

147.     http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordura_saturada

148.     http://saude.hsw.uol.com.br/vitaminas-b.htm

149.     http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexo_B

150.     http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_D

151.     http://www.emedix.com.br/vit/vit003_1f_vitaminad.php

152.     http://www.copacabanarunners.net/vitamina-e.html

153.     http://www.nutricaoativa.com.br/conteudo.php?id=104

154.     http://www.melnex.net/gordura.doc

155.     http://www.todabiologia.com/saude/calcio.htm

156.     http://biblioteca.universia.net/html_bura/ficha/params/id/630908.html

157.     http://www.drashirleydecampos.com.br/noticias/19312

158.     http://www.scribd.com/doc/8681282/Minerais-Que-Garantem-Vida-Longa-Zinco-Cobre-Magnesio-e-Ferro-Nutricao

159.     http://www.medicinageriatrica.com.br/2007/11/12/saude-geriatria/ion-cobre-carencia-e-excesso/

160.     http://noticias.terra.com.br/ciencia/interna/0,,OI3228643-EI298,00.html

161.     http://www.lenzafarm.com.br/alfa_lipoico.htm

162.     http://drrafaelleao.site.med.br/index.asp?PageName=-C1cido-20alfalip-F3ico

163.     Nestlé, (pdf)

164.     Governo dos Estados Unidos, Federal Register, Choline chloride; Exemption from the Requirement of a Tolerance [em linha]

165.     “Os Nutrientes” no site rg nutri.com.br acessado a 22 de junho de 2009

166.     http://www.mulherdeclasse.com.br/nutrientes.htm

167.     Salemi, Luiz Felippe “Nutriente?” no site WebArtigos.com acessado a 25 de junho de 2009

168.     Thieme Chemistry (Hrsg.): RÖMPP Online - Version 3.5. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Stuttgart Predefinição:Datum.

169.     Sicherheitsdatenblatt für Adenin – Sigma-Aldrich 18. Dezember 2007

170.     Definition of Adenine from the Genetics Home Reference - National Institutes of Health

171.     Vera Reader. (1930). "The assay of vitamin B4". Biochem J. 24 (6): 1827–31..

172.     SHAPIRO, Robert. (June, 1995). "The prebiotic role of adenine: A critical analysis". Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 25: 83-98. DOI:10.1007/BF01581575.

173.     "Double Helix" by Sándor Kabai, The Wolfram Demonstrations Project, 2007.

174.     Double Helix by George Kakaris, Biologist MSc in Applied Genetics and Biotechnology

175.     FELTRE, Ricardo - Fundamentos da Química (4ª edição), São Paulo - 2005 (Ed. Moderna)

176.     K. Ozeki, N. Sakabe, J. Tanaka: 'The crystal structure of thymine' in Acta Cryst. B25 (1969)1038 DOI:10.1107/S0567740869003505

177.     Herstellerangaben der Firma Alfa Aesar 11. Jun. 2007

178.     S. Tornaletti and G. P. Pfeiffer (1996) UV damage and repair mechanisms in mammalian cells. Bioessays 18, 221–228.

179.     Merck Index, 11th Edition, 8205.

180.     (em alemão) Dr. Jürg Hunziker, (16 Juin 1999). Kohlenhydratchemie. 2.1.3. Konformation. http://dcb-server.unibe.ch.+Página visitada em 5 de junho de 2008..

181.     Dhanoa TS, Housner JA.Ribose: more than a simple sugar?Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007 Jul;6(4):254-7.

182.     Merck Index, 11th Edition, 2890.

183.     Hammond S, Bernstein E, Beach D, Hannon G. (2000). "An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells". Nature 404 (6775): 293–6. DOI:10.1038/35005107. PMID 10749213.

184.     ALBERTS, B.; JOHNSON, A.; LEWIS, J.; RAFF, M.; ROBERTS, K.; WALTER, P.. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5 ed. New York: Garland science, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008. 1268 p. ISBN 9780815341062

185.     BECKAGE, N. E.. Insect Immunology. San Diego: Elsevier, 2008. 360 p. ISBN 9780123739766

186.     NELSON, D. L.; COX, M. M.. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 4 ed. W.H. Freeman & Co, 2004. 1100 p. ISBN 9780716764380

187.     ↑ eBooks: la guerra digital global por el dominio del libro – By Chimo Soler (Historiador)

188.     ↑ Driving Adobe: Co-founder Charles Geschke on Challenges, Change and Values

189.     ↑ Adobe Systems Inc., arquivo de Ajuda para o Acrobat 5.0 escreveu: "Nota: PDFWriter é uma opção de instalação personalizada e é suportado somente para Windows

190.     ↑ About Adobe - Press Room - For Immediate Release

191.     ↑ Adobe - Adobe Press Room: For immediate release

192.     ↑ Adobe - Acrobat 7 elementos! FAQ

193.     ↑http://kb.adobe.com/selfservice/documentLink.do?externalID=kb401730 Ver documento ]

194.     ↑ 8.2.0 Release Notes

195.     ↑ 8.2.6 Release Notes

196.     ↑ 8.3 Release Notes

197.     ↑ 8.3.1 Release Notes

198.     ↑ Adobe - Adobe Press Room

199.     ↑ Adobe - Adobe Acrobat family: Product comparison

200.     ↑ Adobe LiveCycle Reader Extensions ES Update 1 Upgrade Center, see 'Previous generations' tab for information on the missing support

201.     ↑ MDI vs. SDI in Acrobat - Shredding The Document. Adobe (2008-09-11). Página visitada em 2010-06-16.

202.     ↑ Adobe - Security Bulletin APSB09-03 Security Updates Available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat. Adobe (2009-03-10). Página visitada em 2010-02-18.

203.     ↑ Adobe - Security Bulletin APSB09-06 Security Updates Available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat. Adobe (2009-05-12). Página visitada em 2010-02-18.

204.     ↑ Adobe - Security Bulletins: APSB09-07 Security Updates available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat:

205.     ↑ Security Bulletins: APSB09-10 Security Updates available for Adobe Flash Player, Adobe Reader and Acrobat. Adobe Systems. Página visitada em 2010-09-01.

206.     ↑ Adobe - Security Bulletin APSB09-15 Security Updates Available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat. Adobe (2009-10-13). Página visitada em 2009-11-30.

207.     ↑ Adobe - Security Bulletin APSB10-02 Security Updates Available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat. Adobe (2010-01-12). Página visitada em 2010-02-18.

208.     ↑ Adobe - Security Bulletin APSB10-07 Security Updates Available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat. Adobe (2010-02-16). Página visitada em 2010-02-18.

209.     ↑ Adobe - Security Bulletins: APSB10-09 - Security update available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat. Adobe (2010-04-13). Página visitada em 2010-04-13.

210.     ↑ Adobe - Security Bulletins: APSB10-15 - Security update available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat. Adobe (2010-06-29). Página visitada em 2010-06-29.

211.     ↑ Adobe - Security Bulletins: APSB10-17 - Security update available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat. Adobe (2010-08-19). Página visitada em 2010-08-19.

212.     ↑ Adobe - Security Bulletins: APSB10-21 - Security updates available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat. Adobe (2010-10-05). Página visitada em 2010-10-05.

213.     ↑ Adobe - Security Bulletins: APSB10-28 - Security updates available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat. Adobe (2010-11-16). Página visitada em 2010-11-16.

214.     ↑ 9.4.2 Release Notes

215.     ↑ Release Notes

216.     ↑ Release Notes 9.4.4

217.     ↑ Release Notes 9.4.5

218.     ↑ Release Notes 9.4.6

219.     ↑ Announcing Adobe Reader X, October 18, 2010

220.     ↑ Acrobat X and Adobe Reader X Release Notes. Adobe. Página visitada em November 17, 2010.

221.     Acrobat X - 10.0.1 Release Notes. Adobe. Página visitada em 8 de fevereiro de 2011.

222.     Acrobat X - 10.1.0 Release Notes. Adobe. Página visitada em 14 de junho de 2011.

223.     Acrobat X - 10.1.1 Release Notes. Adobe. Página visitada em 13 de setembro de 2011.

224.     “Os Nutrientes” no site rg nutri.com.br acessado a 22 de junho de 2009

225.     http://www.mulherdeclasse.com.br/nutrientes.htm

226.     Salemi, Luiz Felippe “Nutriente?” no site WebArtigos.com acessado a 25 de junho de 2009

227.     "Anatomia dos Dentes" no site Colgate.com.br) acessado a 17 de junho de 2009

228.     Flores, Carla Sofia (7 de Dezembro de 2010). Maturação dentária é mais rápida hoje do que há cem anos. Ciência Hoje. Página visitada em 11 de Dezembro de 2010.

229. http://biosonialopes.editorasaraiva.com.br/navitacontent_/userFiles/File/SoniaLopes_Powerpoints/SoniaLopes_Textos_Atualiza_o/ret_nuclear.pdf Retículo nucleoplasmático]

230.     John Emsley. Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8

231.     Consumo de cálcio reduz risco de morte - Folha de S.Paulo, 13 de março de 2010 (visitado em 13-3-2010)

232.     Felippe, J Jr. : Pronto Socorro: Fisiopatologia – Diagnóstico – Tratamento. In Capítulo 10, José de Felippe Junior : Distúrbios Hidroeletrolíticos : Na+ , K+ , Ca++ , PO4 e Mg++ ; pag.82-97, 1990 ; Editora Guanabara Koogan, 2 a Ed. – Rio de Janeiro.

233.     Bashour, T.; Basha, H.S. & Cheng, T.O.: Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy, Chest, 78(4): 663,1980.

234.     Bell, N.H.: Hypercalcemic and hypocalcemic disorders: Diagnosis and treatment. Nephron, 23:147,1979.

235.     Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Calcium

236.     Feskanich, D;Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA. (1996). "Protein consumption and bone fractures in women". American Journal of Epidemiol 143: 472-9.

237.     Howard Hugues Media Institute, The Structural Biology Program, "RNA, The Enzyme"

238.     A. Radzicka, R. Wolfenden (1995), "A proficient enzyme.", Science, 6(267), p. 90-931

239.     René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1752), "Observations sur la digestion des oiseaux", Histoire de l'academie royale des sciences, 1752p. 266, 461

240.     Williams, H. S. (1904) A History of Science: in Five Volumes. Volume IV: Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences Harper and Brothers (New York)

241.     J. Dubos (1951), "Louis Pasteur: Free Lance of Science, Gollancz." in K.L. Manchester (1995), "Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)--chance and the prepared mind.", Trends in Biotechnology, 13(12), p.511-515

242.     Nobel Laureate Biography of Eduard Buchner at http://nobelprize.org Accessed 04 April 2007

243.     1946 Nobel prize for Chemistry laureates at http://nobelprize.org Accessed 04 April 2007

244.     Blake CC, Koenig DF, Mair GA, North AC, Phillips DC, Sarma VR.. (1965). "Structure of hen egg-white lysozyme. A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis at 2 Angstrom resolution.". Nature 22 (206): 757-761. PMID 5891407.

245.     Chen LH, Kenyon GL, Curtin F, Harayama S, Bembenek ME, Hajipour G, Whitman CP. (1992). "4-Oxalocrotonate tautomerase, an enzyme composed of 62 amino acid residues per monomer". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (25): 17716-21. PMID 1339435.

246.     Smith S. (1994). "The animal fatty acid synthase: one gene, one polypeptide, seven enzymes". FASEB J. 8 (15): 1248–59. PMID 8001737.

247.     Anfinsen C.B.. (1973). "Principles that Govern the Folding of Protein Chains". Science: 223–230. PMID 4124164.

248.     The Catalytic Site Atlas at The European Bioinformatics Institute Accessed 04 April 2007

249.     Jaeger KE, Eggert T.. (2004). "Enantioselective biocatalysis optimized by directed evolution.". Curr Opin Biotechnol. 15(4): 305–313. PMID 15358000.

250.     Shevelev IV, Hubscher U.. (2002). "The 3' 5' exonucleases.". Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 3 (5): 364–376. PMID 11988770.

251.     Berg J., Tymoczko J. and Stryer L. (2002) Biochemistry. W. H. Freeman and Company ISBN 0-7167-4955-6

252.     Zenkin N, Yuzenkova Y, Severinov K.. (2006). "Transcript-assisted transcriptional proofreading.". Science. 313: 518–520. PMID 16873663.

253.     Ibba M, Soll D.. (2000). "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis.". Annu Rev Biochem. 69: 617–650. PMID 10966471.

254.     Rodnina MV, Wintermeyer W.. (2001). "Fidelity of aminoacyl-tRNA selection on the ribosome: kinetic and structural mechanisms.". Annu Rev Biochem. 70: 415–435. PMID 11395413.

255.     Firn, Richard. The Screening Hypothesis - a new explanation of secondary product diversity and function. Página visitada em 2006-10-11.

256.     Fischer E.. (1894). "Einfluss der Configuration auf die Wirkung der Enzyme". Ber. Dt. Chem. Ges. 27: 2985–2993.

257.     Koshland D. E.. (1958). "Application of a Theory of Enzyme Specificity to Protein Synthesis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 44 (2): 98–104. PMID 16590179.

258.     Vasella A, Davies GJ, Bohm M.. (2002). "Glycosidase mechanisms.". Curr Opin Chem Biol. 6 (5): 619–629. PMID 12413546.

259.     BOYER, Rodney. Concepts in Biochemistry (em English). 2nd ed. ed. New York, Chichester, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. 137–138 p. ISBN 0-470-00379-0. Página visitada em 2007-04-21.

260.     Fersht, A (1985) Enzyme Structure and Mechanism (2nd ed) p50–52 W H Freeman & co, New York ISBN 0-7167-1615-1

261.     Eisenmesser EZ, Bosco DA, Akke M, Kern D. Enzyme dynamics during catalysis. Science. 2002 February 22;295(5559):1520–3. PMID: 11859194

262.     Agarwal PK. Role of protein dynamics in reaction rate enhancement by enzymes. J Am Chem Soc. 2005 November 2;127(43):15248-56. PMID: 16248667

263.     Eisenmesser EZ, Millet O, Labeikovsky W, Korzhnev DM, Wolf-Watz M, Bosco DA, Skalicky JJ, Kay LE, Kern D. Intrinsic dynamics of an enzyme underlies catalysis. Nature. 2005 November 3;438(7064):117-21. PMID: 16267559

264.     Yang LW, Bahar I.. (June 2005). "Coupling between catalytic site and collective dynamics: A requirement for mechanochemical activity of enzymes.". Structure. 13: 893–904. PMID 15939021.

265.     Agarwal PK, Billeter SR, Rajagopalan PT, Benkovic SJ, Hammes-Schiffer S.. (March 2002). "Network of coupled promoting motions in enzyme catalysis.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 99: 2794–9. PMID 11867722.

266.     Agarwal PK, Geist A, Gorin A. Protein dynamics and enzymatic catalysis: investigating the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerization activity of cyclophilin A. Biochemistry. 2004 August 24;43(33):10605-18. PMID: 15311922

267.     Tousignant A, Pelletier JN.. (Aug 2004). "Protein motions promote catalysis.". Chem Biol. 11 (8): 1037–42. PMID 15324804.

268.     Fisher Z, Hernandez Prada JA, Tu C, Duda D, Yoshioka C, An H, Govindasamy L, Silverman DN and McKenna R.. (2005). "Structural and kinetic characterization of active-site histidine as a proton shuttle in catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase II.". Biochemistry. 44(4): 1097-115. PMID 15667203.

269.     AF Wagner, KA Folkers (1975) Vitamins and coenzymes. Interscience Publishers New York| ISBN 0-88275-258-8

270.     BRENDA The Comprehensive Enzyme Information System Accessed 04 April 2007

271.     Henri,V.. (1902). "Theorie generale de l'action de quelques diastases". Compt. rend. hebd. Acad. Sci. Paris 135: 916-919.

272.     Sørensen,P.L.. (1909). "Enzymstudien {II}. Über die Messung und Bedeutung der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration bei enzymatischen Prozessen". Biochem. Z. 21: 131-304.

273.     Michaelis L., Menten M.. (1913). "Die Kinetik der Invertinwirkung". Biochem. Z. 49: 333–369. English translation Visitado a 6 de Abril de 2007

274.     Briggs G. E., Haldane J. B. S.. (1925). "A note on the kinetics of enzyme action". Biochem. J. 19: 339–339. PMID 16743508.

275.     Radzicka A, Wolfenden R.. (1995). "A proficient enzyme.". Science 6 (267): 90–931. PMID 7809611.

276.     Ellis RJ. (2001). "Macromolecular crowding: obvious but underappreciated". Trends Biochem. Sci. 26 (10): 597-604. PMID 11590012.

277.     Kopelman R. (1988). "Fractal Reaction Kinetics". Science 241 (4873): 1620–26.

278.     Savageau MA. (1995). "Michaelis-Menten mechanism reconsidered: implications of fractal kinetics". J. Theor. Biol. 176 (1): 115-24. PMID 7475096.

279.     Schnell S, Turner TE. (2004). "Reaction kinetics in intracellular environments with macromolecular crowding: simulations and rate laws". Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 85 (2–3): 235-60. PMID 15142746.

280.     Xu F, Ding H. (2007). "A new kinetic model for heterogeneous (or spatially confined) enzymatic catalysis: Contributions from the fractal and jamming (overcrowding) effects". Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 317 (1): 70–81. DOI:10.1016/j.apcata.2006.10.014.

281.     Garcia-Viloca M., Gao J., Karplus M., Truhlar D. G.. (2004). "How enzymes work: analysis by modern rate theory and computer simulations.". Science 303 5655): 186–195. PMID 14716003.

282.     Olsson M. H., Siegbahn P. E., Warshel A.. (2004). "Simulations of the large kinetic isotope effect and the temperature dependence of the hydrogen atom transfer in lipoxygenase". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (9): 2820-1828. PMID 14995199.

283.     Masgrau L., Roujeinikova A., Johannissen L. O., Hothi P., Basran J., Ranaghan K. E., Mulholland A. J., Sutcliffe M. J., Scrutton N. S., Leys D.. (2006). "Atomic Description of an Enzyme Reaction Dominated by Proton Tunneling". Science 312 (5771): 237–241. PMID 16614214.

284.     Poulin R, Lu L, Ackermann B, Bey P, Pegg AE. Mechanism of the irreversible inactivation of mouse ornithine decarboxylase by alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Characterization of sequences at the inhibitor and coenzyme binding sites. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jan 5;267(1):150–8. PMID 1730582

285.     Ball, Philip (2006) The Devil's Doctor: Paracelsus and the World of Renaissance Magic and Science. Farrar, Straus and Giroux ISBN 0-374-22979-1

286.     Yoshikawa S and Caughey WS.. (May 1990). "Infrared evidence of cyanide binding to iron and copper sites in bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase. Implications regarding oxygen reduction.". J Biol Chem. 265 (14): 7945–7958. PMID 2159465.

287.     Hunter T.. (1995). "Protein kinases and phosphatases: the yin and yang of protein phosphorylation and signaling.". Cell. 80(2): 225–236. PMID 7834742.

288.     Berg JS, Powell BC, Cheney RE.. (2001). "A millennial myosin census.". Mol Biol Cell. 12(4): 780–794. PMID 11294886.

289.     Meighen EA.. (1991). "Molecular biology of bacterial bioluminescence.". Microbiol Rev. 55(1): 123–142. PMID 2030669.

290.     Faergeman N. J, Knudsen J.. (April 1997). "Role of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters in the regulation of metabolism and in cell signalling". Biochem J 323: 1–12. PMID 9173866.

291.     Doble B. W., Woodgett J. R.. (April 2003). "GSK-3: tricks of the trade for a multi-tasking kinase". J. Cell. Sci. 116: 1175–1186. PMID 12615961.

292.     Carr C. M., Kim P. S.. (April 2003). "A spring-loaded mechanism for the conformational change of influenza hemagglutinin". Cell 73: 823–832. PMID 8500173.

293.     Phenylketonuria: NCBI Genes and Disease Accessed 04 April 2007

294.     Abelow, BJ;Holford TR, Insogna KL. (1992). "Cross-cultural association between dietary animal protein and hip fracture: a hypothesis.". Calcified Tissue International 50: 14-18..

295.     Morozumi M, Hossain RZ, Yamakawa KI, Hokama S, Nishijima S, Oshiro Y, Uchida A, Sugaya K, Ogawa Y. . "Gastrointestinal oxalic acid absorption in calcium-treated rats". Urol Res. PMID 16444511.

296.     Hossain RZ, Ogawa Y, Morozumi M, Hokama S, Sugaya K. . "Milk and calcium prevent gastrointestinal absorption and urinary excretion of oxalate in rats". Front Biosci.. PMID 12700095.

297.     American Heart Association Nutrition Committee, Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, et al. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation 2006;114:82-96.

298.     http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/095528639190073E

299.     Subar AF, Krebs-Smith SM, Cook A, Kahle LL.(1991) Dietary sources of nutrients among US adults, 1989 to 1991. National Cancer Institute, Applied Research Branch, Bethesda, Md. 20892-7344, USA J Am Diet Assoc. 1998 May;98(5):537-47. [1]

300.     http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitaminb12/

301.     Nelson Pedro (2010) Dieta vegetariana – factos e contradições. Medicina Interna 173 VOL.17 | Nº 3 | JUL/SET 2010 [2]

302.     http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitaminb12/

303.     Donaldson MS. Metabolic vitamin B12 status on a mostly raw vegan diet with follow-up using tablets, nutritional yeast, or probiotic supplements. Ann Nutr Metab 2000;44:229-234.

304.     Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1998.

305.     Vidal-Alaball J, Butler CC, Cannings-John R, Goringe A, Hood K, McCaddon A, et al. Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(3):CD004655. [PubMed abstract]

306.     http://www.vegansociety.com/lifestyle/nutrition/b12.aspx

307.     http://www.vegansociety.com/lifestyle/nutrition/b12.aspx

308.     "Abundance and form of the most abundant elements in Earth’s continental crust" (PDF).

309.     Ash, Russell. The Top 10 of Everything 2006: The Ultimate Book of Lists. [S.l.]: Dk Pub, 2005. ISBN 0756613213.

310.     Anthoni, J Floor. "The chemical composition of seawater".

311.     Pediatrics 1995, 95 (6): 879-82.

312.     International J. Epidemiol, 1984, 120 (3):342-349

313.     British Med.J. 1985, 290: 417-4201

314.     Biol. Psiquiatry 1993, 34: 421- 423

315.     ACIDE ASCORBIQUE, fiche de sécurité du Programme International sur la Sécurité des Substances Chimiques, consultée le 9 mai 2009

316.     Volker Kuellmer (de de 1991). "Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology 4th ed. : Ascorbic acid". John Wiley & Sons..

317.     (en) « Ascorbic acid » em ChemIDplus, consulté le 9 août 2009

318.     Safety (MSDS) data for ascorbic acid. Oxford University (2005-10-09). Página visitada em 2007-02-21.

319.     David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox , "Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry", 4ª edição, W. H. Freeman, 2005, ISBN 978-0716743392

320.     Philippi, Sonia Tucunduva. Tabela de Composição de Alimentos: suporte para decisão nutricional. Brasília: ANVISA, FINATE/NUT.2001

321.     Vitamin C. Harvard School of Public Health. 2008. Vitamin C Nutrition Source

322.     http://alavrado.blogspot.com/ A nonprofit, tax-exempt 501(c)(e) educational corporation in the State of California.

323.     BIESEK, Simone et al. Estratégias de Nutrição e Suplementação no Esporte. São Paulo: Manole, 2005.

324.     FOSS, M.L.; KETEYIAN, S.J. Bases Fisiológicas do Exercício e do Esporte. 6ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2000.

325.     MCARDLE, William D. et al. Fisiologia do Exercício – Energia, Nutrição e Desempenho Humano. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1998.

326.     WILMORE, Jack H.; COSTILL, David L. Fisiologia do Esporte e do Exercício. São Paulo: Manole, 2001

327.     NELSON, David L.; COX, Michael M., Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4ª edição, W. H. Freeman, 2005, ISBN 978-0716743392

328.     Registo de Retinol na Base de Dados de Substâncias GESTIS do IFA, accessado em 1 de Dezembro de 2007

329.     British Cancer Organization Calls for Warning Labels on Beta-Carotene (2000-07-31).

330.     SciFinder - CAS Registry Number 7235-40-7. Página visitada em 21 de Oct. de 2009.

331.     22040 β-Carotene BioChemika, purum, ≥97.0% (UV). Página visitada em 21 de Oct. de 2009.

332.     http://www.news-medical.net/health/Beta-Carotene-Side-Effects.aspx

333.     Referencias:

334.     American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000; 71, 2; 575-582.

335.     Clint. Nutr. 2003 Feb; 22(1):65-70.

336.     Am. J Clint Nutr. 2000Feb; 71(2)575-82.

337.     Invest Ophtalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Apr 41; (5)1200-9.

338.     Nutrition. 2003 Jan; 19(1):21-4.

339.     Int J Cancer. 2004 Oct 28.

340.     Strokes. 2004 Jul; 35(7):1584-8.

341.     Ann Nutr. Metab. 2003; 47(6):255-61.

342.     Br J Nutr. 2004 Jul; 92(1):113-8.

343.     CHANDRA, R.K. Nutrition and Immunology. Alan R. Liss, Inc. New York, 1988.

344.     NEVES Jr., I., et al. Improvement of the lymphoproliferative immune response and apoptosis inhibition upon in vitro treatment whit zinc of peripherical blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV + individuals. Clin. Exp. Immunol., v. 111, p. 246-268, 1998.

345.     ODEH, M. The role of zinc in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J. In. Med.,v., 231, p. 463-469, 1992.

346.     RIPA, S., RIPA, R. Zinc and immune functions. Minerva Medica, v. 86, n. 7/8, lug/ago, 1995.

347.     SPRIETSMA, J. E. Zinc-controlled Th1/Th2 switch significantly determines development of diseases. Medical Hypotheses, v. 49, p. 1-14, 1997.

348.     SPRIETSMA, J. E. a Zinc deficiency predisposes to (auto) immune diseases, whether or not virus-induced, such as AIDS and cancer. Tijdscrif Integrally Geneeskunde, v. p, p. 253-273, 1994.

349.     SPRIETSMA, J. E. b Zinc, AIDS e apoptose. Orthomolecular, v. 12, p. 75-87, 1994.

350.     SPRIETSMA, J. E. c Zinc deficiency promotes autoimmune symptoms and cancer, as often synchronously presenting in AIDS patients. Orthomolecular, v. 12, p. 108-117, 1994.

351.     SPRIETSMA, J. E. Nutrients in AIDS therapy. Orthomolecular, v.11, p. 72-79, 1993.

352.     WHITNEY, E. N., ROLFES, S. R. Understanding Nutrition. West Publishing Company, 1996.

353.     Fernando Gómez-Pinilla(2008) Brain foods: the effects of the nutrients on brain function. Nature Reviews 9, 568-578.

354.     http://www.ufpa.br/beiradorio/arquivo/beira63/noticias/rep3.html

355.     http://www.abcdasaude.com.br/artigo.php?508

356.     http://br.monografias.com/trabalhos2/papel-zinco-infancia/papel-zinco-infancia2.shtml

357.     http://decs.bvs.br/cgi-bin/wxis1660.exe/decsserver/?IsisScript=../cgi-bin/decsserver/decsserver.xis&task=exact_term&previous_page=homepage&interface_language=p&search_language=p&search_exp=curcumina

358.     http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcumina

359.     http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordura_saturada

360.     http://saude.hsw.uol.com.br/vitaminas-b.htm

361.     http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexo_B

362.     http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_D

363.     http://www.emedix.com.br/vit/vit003_1f_vitaminad.php

364.     http://www.copacabanarunners.net/vitamina-e.html

365.     http://www.nutricaoativa.com.br/conteudo.php?id=104

366.     http://www.melnex.net/gordura.doc

367.     http://www.todabiologia.com/saude/calcio.htm

368.     http://biblioteca.universia.net/html_bura/ficha/params/id/630908.html

369.     http://www.drashirleydecampos.com.br/noticias/19312

370.     http://www.scribd.com/doc/8681282/Minerais-Que-Garantem-Vida-Longa-Zinco-Cobre-Magnesio-e-Ferro-Nutricao

371.     http://www.medicinageriatrica.com.br/2007/11/12/saude-geriatria/ion-cobre-carencia-e-excesso/

372.     http://noticias.terra.com.br/ciencia/interna/0,,OI3228643-EI298,00.html

373.     http://www.lenzafarm.com.br/alfa_lipoico.htm

374.     http://drrafaelleao.site.med.br/index.asp?PageName=-C1cido-20alfalip-F3ico

375.     Nestlé, (pdf)

376.     Governo dos Estados Unidos, Federal Register, Choline chloride; Exemption from the Requirement of a Tolerance [em linha]

377.     “Os Nutrientes” no site rg nutri.com.br acessado a 22 de junho de 2009

378.     http://www.mulherdeclasse.com.br/nutrientes.htm

379.     Salemi, Luiz Felippe “Nutriente?” no site WebArtigos.com acessado a 25 de junho de 2009

380.     Thieme Chemistry (Hrsg.): RÖMPP Online - Version 3.5. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Stuttgart Predefinição:Datum.

381.     Sicherheitsdatenblatt für Adenin – Sigma-Aldrich 18. Dezember 2007

382.     Definition of Adenine from the Genetics Home Reference - National Institutes of Health

383.     Vera Reader. (1930). "The assay of vitamin B4". Biochem J. 24 (6): 1827–31..

384.     SHAPIRO, Robert. (June, 1995). "The prebiotic role of adenine: A critical analysis". Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 25: 83-98. DOI:10.1007/BF01581575.

385.     "Double Helix" by Sándor Kabai, The Wolfram Demonstrations Project, 2007.

386.     Double Helix by George Kakaris, Biologist MSc in Applied Genetics and Biotechnology

387.     FELTRE, Ricardo - Fundamentos da Química (4ª edição), São Paulo - 2005 (Ed. Moderna)

388.     K. Ozeki, N. Sakabe, J. Tanaka: 'The crystal structure of thymine' in Acta Cryst. B25 (1969)1038 DOI:10.1107/S0567740869003505

389.     Herstellerangaben der Firma Alfa Aesar 11. Jun. 2007

390.     S. Tornaletti and G. P. Pfeiffer (1996) UV damage and repair mechanisms in mammalian cells. Bioessays 18, 221–228.

391.     Merck Index, 11th Edition, 8205.

392.     (em alemão) Dr. Jürg Hunziker, (16 Juin 1999). Kohlenhydratchemie. 2.1.3. Konformation. http://dcb-server.unibe.ch.+Página visitada em 5 de junho de 2008..

393.     Dhanoa TS, Housner JA.Ribose: more than a simple sugar?Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007 Jul;6(4):254-7.

394.     Merck Index, 11th Edition, 2890.

395.     Hammond S, Bernstein E, Beach D, Hannon G. (2000). "An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells". Nature 404 (6775): 293–6. DOI:10.1038/35005107. PMID 10749213.

396.     ALBERTS, B.; JOHNSON, A.; LEWIS, J.; RAFF, M.; ROBERTS, K.; WALTER, P.. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5 ed. New York: Garland science, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008. 1268 p. ISBN 9780815341062

397.     BECKAGE, N. E.. Insect Immunology. San Diego: Elsevier, 2008. 360 p. ISBN 9780123739766

398.     NELSON, D. L.; COX, M. M.. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 4 ed. W.H. Freeman & Co, 2004. 1100 p. ISBN 9780716764380

399.     SINGH, Simon. Big Bang. Rio de Janeiro; São Paulo: Editora Record, 2006. ISBN: 85-01-07213-3. Capítulo "O que é ciência?", e demais.

400.     HAWKING, Stephen. Uma breve história do tempo. Lisboa: Gradiva, 1988. ISBN 972-662-010-4. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, 1988. ISBN 85-325-0252-0.

401.     Estudos do método científico (pdf).

402.     GRIFFITHS, David J. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Printice Hall, 1994. ISBN 0-13-124405-1.

403.     MINAYO, Maria Cecília de Souza (Org.); DESLANDES, Suely Ferreira; GOMES, Romeu. Pesquisa social, teoria método e criatividade. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 2007.

404.     DESCARTES, René. Discurso do método. Tradução, prefácio e notas de João Cruz Costa. São Paulo: Ed de Ouro, 1970. Disponível para download em: Domínio Público e eBooket -IntraText René Descartes - e-books

405.     BECKER, Howard S. Métodos de pesquisa em ciências sociais. São Paulo: Hucitec, 1999.

406.     CHIZZOTTI, Antonio. Pesquisa em ciência humanas e sociais. São Paulo: Cortez, 2006.

407.     HADDAD, Nagib. Metodologia de estudos em ciências da saúde: como planejar, analisar e apresentar um trabalho científico. São Paulo: Roca, 2004.

408.     LAKATOS, Eva Maria; MARCONI, Marina de Andrade. Metodologia científica. São Paulo: Atlas, 2007.

409.     SELYE, Hans. Stress a tensão da vida. São Paulo: IBRASA, 1965.

 

Nenhum comentário:

Postar um comentário